Type II quasar candidates in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: evidence for X-ray obscuration

Recent X-ray surveys with Chandra and XMM-Newton have found several genuine Type II quasars, the long sought-after population of high-luminosity (highredshift) Seyfert 2 galaxies, and a sizable number of Type II quasar candidates. However, at present it is hard to know whether the on-going X-ray surveys are providing a reliable and nearly complete census of the Type II quasar population. In order to address this open issue and shed light on the broad-band properties of Type II quasars, we used the sample of 291 high-ionization narrow emission-line AGN at z=0.3–0.83 selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey by Zakamska et al. (2003). Using archival X-ray information, we were able to place constraints on the X-ray emission of 17 of these objects (three X-ray detections and 14 upper limits). Using the [O iii]λ5007 line luminosities to predict the intrinsic X-ray power of the AGN, we found that at least 47% of the objects in the observed sample provides evidence for the presence of X-ray absorption (with NH∼>10 22 cm), including the four highest luminosity sources with predicted unobscured luminosities of ≈ 10 erg s. For the only source with moderate-quality XMM-Newton spectral data, all of the pieces of the puzzle (2–10 keV luminosity of ≈ 4×10 erg s, NH≈ 1–3×10 22 cm, and unobscured magnitude MB ≈ −26) assure that this is a genuine Type II quasar.